Rate Estimation Historical Returns on Stocks, Bonds and Bills - United States
| | Arithmetic Average | Geometric Average |
| | Stocks - T. Bills | Stocks - T. Bonds | Stocks - T. Bills | Stocks - T. Bonds |
| 1928-2010 | 7.62% | 6.03% | 5.67% | 4.31% |
| Standard Error | 2.25% | 2.38% | | |
| 1961-2010 | 5.83% | 4.13% | 4.44% | 3.09% |
| Standard Error | 2.42% | 2.69% | | |
| 2001-2010 | 1.37% | -2.26% | -0.79% | -4.11% |
| Standard Error | 6.73% | 9.00% | | |
从长远看美国的ERP风险为5.67%。